What are the components of a traffic monitoring camera?

With increasing population and economic growth, freight and passenger traffic on road and rail is continuously growing. Despite many investments in infrastructure, the density of cars and trucks is steadily rising. At the same time, there is an ever greater demand for speed, mobility, and safety.

In order to meet these challenges, automated vision-based ITS systems for traffic control and monitoring have emerged as part of the Smart City concept. The cameras not only have to cope with extreme weather conditions and fluctuating light intensity, but must also keep pace with the speed and flood of information.

In traffic monitoring camera applications, radar sensors provide critical data to be used for intersection control, collision avoidance and traffic flow.

The structure of a traffic monitoring camera, and some corresponding products:

A traffic monitoring camera is made by Non-isolated DC/DC power supply、Input power protection、Sensor analog front end、Wired interface、Signal input/output protection and Wireless interface.

Non-isolated DC/DC power supply

In wired applications, the input voltage is typically 12V or 24V. Low noise LDOs are often used to power AFE. If efficiency is of concern low ripple DC/DC are used. Wireless environmental sensors are often powered from a lithium battery. As a result, long battery life is a key design consideration. Buck converters with high light-load efficiency are best for designs prioritizing maximum battery life. For designs operating from a low voltage battery, boost converters may be used instead. Linear regulators (LDOs) are a good option for simple designs.

The combination of Non-isolated DC/DC power supply

Linear & low-dropout (LDO) regulators & Buck converters (integrated switch)

Products:

TPS7A91:1-A, High-Accuracy, Low-Noise LDO Voltage Regulator

1. Features

• 1.0% Accuracy Over Line, Load, and Temperature

• Low Output Noise: 4.7 µVRMS (10 Hz–100 kHz)

• Low Dropout: 200 mV (max) at 1 A

• Wide Input Voltage Range: 1.4 V to 6.5 V

• Wide Output Voltage Range: 0.8 V to 5.2 V

• High Power-Supply Ripple Rejection (PSRR):

– 70 dB at DC

– 40 dB at 100 kHz

– 40 dB at 1 MHz

• Fast Transient Response

• Adjustable Start-Up In-Rush Control with

Selectable Soft-Start Charging Current

• Open-Drain Power-Good (PG) Output

• 2.5-mm × 2.5-mm, 10-Pin SON Package

2. Applications

• High-Speed Analog Circuits:

– VCO, ADC, DAC, LVDS

• Imaging: CMOS Sensors, Video ASICs

• Test and Measurement

• Instrumentation, Medical, and Audio

• Digital Loads: SerDes, FPGA, DSP

3. Description

The TPS7A91 is a low-noise (4.7 µVRMS), low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator capable of sourcing 1 A with only 200 mV of maximum dropout. 

The TPS7A91 output is adjustable with external resistors from 0.8 V to 5.2 V. The TPS7A91 wide input-voltage range supports operation as low as 1.4 V and up to 6.5 V. 

With 1% output voltage accuracy (over line, load, and temperature) and soft-start capabilities to reduce inrush current, the TPS7A91 is ideal for powering sensitive analog low-voltage devices [such as voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital-to-analog converters (DACs), high-end processors, and fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs)].

The TPS7A91 is designed to power noise-sensitive components such as those found in high-speed communication, video, medical, or test and measurement applications. The very low 4.7-µVRMS output noise and wideband PSRR (40 dB at 1 MHz) minimizes phase noise and clock jitter. These features maximize performance of clocking devices, ADCs, and DACs.

LM76005 3.5-V to 60-V, 5-A Synchronous Step-Down Converter

1. Features

• Functional Safety-Capable

– Documentation available to aid functional safety system design

• Designed for rugged industrial applications

– Input transient protection up to 65 V

– Optimized for low EMI requirements

– Pin-selectable FPWM operation

– Adjustable frequency range: 200 kHz to 500 kHz

– Start up with pre-biased output voltage

– Protection features: thermal shutdown, input

undervoltage lockout, cycle-by-cycle current limit, hiccup short-circuit protection

• Suited for scalable power supplies

– Pin compatible with:

• LM76002/3 (60 V, 2.5 A or 3.5 A)

– Output voltage: 1 V to 95% of VIN

– Synchronization to external clock

– Adjustable soft-start (6.3 ms default)

• Low power dissipation across load spectrum

– 15-µA quiescent current in regulation

– 95% efficiency at 400 kHz (12VIN, 5VOUT, 2A)

– 92% PFM efficiency at 10-mA (12VIN, 5VOUT)

– External bias option for improved efficiency

• Create a custom design using the LM76005 with the WEBENCH® Power Designer

2. Applications

• Industrial PC and Programmable logic controllers

• Asset tracking and fleet management systems

• Personal transport vehicle: electric bike

• Video surveillance: IP network camera

• Motor drives

3. Description

The LM76005 regulator is an easy-to-use synchronous step-down DC-DC converter capable of driving up to 5 A (LM76005) of load current from an input up to 60 V. Tolerance goes up to 65 V, easing input surge protection.

The LM76005 use peak-current-mode control to provide exceptional efficiency and output accuracy in a small solution size. Seamless transition between PWM and PFM modes, along with very low MOSFET ON resistances and an external bias input, ensuresexceptional efficiency across the entire load range.

This device requires few external components and has a pinout designed for simple PCB layout with best-in-class EMI (CISPR22) and thermal

performance. The small solution size and feature set of the LM76005 are designed to simplify the implementation for a wide range of end equipment.

The LM76005 device is available in the WQFN 30-pin leadless package with wettable flanks.

Input power protection

The transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode needs to clamp below max voltage capability of used devices.

The combination of Input power protection

ESD protection diodes & TVS diodes

Procuts:

TPD1E10B06 Single-Channel ESD Protection Diod

1. Features

• Provides system-level ESD protection for lowvoltage I/O interface

• IEC 61000-4-2 level 4 ESD protection

– ±30 kV contact discharge

– ±30 kV air-gap discharge

• IEC 61000-4-5 surge: 6 A (8/20 µs)

• I/O capacitance 12 pF (typical)

• RDYN 0.4 Ω (typical)

• DC breakdown voltage ±6 V (minimum)

• Ultralow leakage current 100 nA (maximum)

• 10-V clamping voltage (maximum at IPP = 1 A)

• Industrial temperature range: –40°C to 125°C

• Small 0402 footprint(1 mm × 0.6 mm × 0.5 mm)

• Industry standard SOD-523 package(0.8 mm × 1.2 mm)

2. Applications

• End equipment:

– Portable devices

– Wearables

– Set-top boxes

– Electronic point of sale (EPOS)

– Appliances

– Building automation

• Interfaces:

– Audio lines

– Push-buttons

– General-purpose input or output (GPIO)

3. Description

The TPD1E10B06 is a single-channel ESD TVS diode in a small 0402 package convenient for space contrained applications and an industry standard SOD-523 package. This TVS protection product offers ±30 kV contact ESD, ±30 kV IEC air-gap protection, and has an ESD clamp circuit with a back-to-back TVS diode for bipolar or bidirectional signal support. The 12 pF line capacitance of this ESD protection diode is suitable for a wide range of applications supporting data rates up to 400 Mbps. 

Typical applications of this ESD protection product are circuit protection for audio lines (microphone,earphone, and speakerphone), SD interfacing, keypad or other buttons, VBUS pin and ID pin of USB ports, and general-purpose I/O ports.This ESD clamp is good for the protection of end equipment like portable devices, wearables, set-top boxes, electronic point-ofsale equipment, appliances, and products for building automation.

Sensor analog front end

Sensing devices can be integrated with processing cores to enable the system to measure the range, velocity and angle of objects while incorporating advanced algorithms for object tracking, classification or application-specific functions. If a microcontroller or DSP is not integrated on the sensor, the digital output needs to be processed using a combination of FPGAs and multicore ARM and DSP.

The combination of Sensor analog front end

Industrial mmWave radar sensors

Products

IWR1443—Single-chip 76-GHz to 81-GHz mmWave sensor integrating MCU and hardware accelerator

IWR1642—Single-chip 76-GHz to 81-GHz mmWave sensor integrating DSP and MCU

Wired interface

The radar sensor unit creates a processed signal and transfers the data to a central unit (controller). Typical interfaces are RS-485, CSI2, SPI and CAN.

The combination of Wired interface

RS-485 & RS-422 transceivers & Ethernet PHYs

Products:

SN65HVD82 Robust RS-485 Transceiver

1. Features

• Bus I/O Protection

– ±16-kV HBM Protection

– ±12-kV IEC61000-4-2 Contact Discharge

– +4-kV IEC61000-4-4 Fast Transient Burst

• Industrial Temperature Range –40°C to 85°C

• Large Receiver Hysteresis (60 mV Typical) forNoise Rejection

• Low-Power Consumption

– <1-µA Standby Current

– <1-mA Quiescent Current

• Signaling Rate Optimized for 250 kbps

• Create a Custom Design Using the SN65HVD82

With the WEBENCH® Power Designer

2. Applications

• Electrical Meters

• Building Automation

• Industrial Networks

• Security Electronics

3. Description

This device has robust drivers and receivers fordemanding industrial applications. The bus pins are robust to ESD events, with high levels of protection to Human-Body Model, Air-Gap Discharge, and Contact Discharge specifications.

The device combines a differential driver and a differential receiver, which operate from a single 5-V power supply. The driver differential outputs and the receiver differential inputs are connected internally to form a bus port suitable for half-duplex (two-wire bus) communication. The device features a wide commonmode voltage range making the device suitable for multi-point applications over long cable runs. The device is characterized from –40°C to 85°C.

DP83822 Robust, Low Power 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Physical Layer Transceiver

1. Features

• Ultra-robust 10/100Mbs PHY

– IEC 61000-4-2 ESD: +/- 8KV contact discharge

– IEC 61000-4-4 EFT: Class A at 4KV

– CISPR 22 conducted emissions: Class B

– CISPR 22 radiated emissions: Class B

– Operating temperature: -40C to 125C

• MAC interfaces: RGMII / RMII / MII

• IEEE 802.3u compliant: 100BASE-FX, 100BASETX and 10BASE-Te

• Flexible supply options

– Low power single supply options

• 1.8V AVD < 120 mW

• 3.3-V AVD < 220 mW

– Available I/O voltages: 3.3V/2.5V/1.8V

• Power saving features

– Energy efficient Ethernet (EEE) IEEE 802.3az

– WoL (Wake-on-LAN) support with magic packet detection

– Programmable energy savings modes

• Start of frame detect for IEEE 1588 time stamp

• Diagnostic tools: Cable diagnostics, BIST (Built-inself-test), loopback, rapid link-down detection

• Auto-crossover in force modes

2. Applications

• Motor drives

• Factory automation, robotics and motion control

• Grid infrastructure

• Building automation

• Industrial Ethernet fieldbus

• Real Time Industrial Ethernet Applications such as ProfiNET®

3 Description

Designed for harsh industrial environments, the DP83822 is an ultra-robust, low-power single-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet PHY. The DP83822 provides all physical layer functions needed to transmit and receive data over standard twisted-pair cables, or connect to an external fiber optic transceiver. Additionally, the DP83822 provides flexibility to connect to a MAC through a standard MII, RMII, or RGMII interface.

The DP83822 offers integrated cable diagnostic tools, built-in self-test, and loopback capabilities for ease of use. The device supports multiple industrial fieldbuses with fast link-down detection as well as Auto-MDIX in forced modes.

The DP83822 offers an remarkable and robust approach for reducing power consumption through EEE, WoL and other programmable energy savings modes.

The DP83822 is a feature rich and pin-to-pin upgradeable option for the TLK105, TLK106, TLK105L and TLK106L 10/100 Mbps Ethernet PHYs.

The DP83822 comes in a 32-pin 5.00-mm × 5.00-mm VQFN package.

Wireless interface

The wireless interface in the design allows environmental information to be transmitted to a central location. A system-on-chip solution which integrates a microcontroller and radio allows designs to run the application layer and wireless protocol stack on one chip. A microcontroller with dedicated RF radio topology allows designs to separate the wireless protocol stack from the application layer.

The combination of Wireless interface

Sub-1 GHz transceivers & Low-power 2.4-GHz products

Products

CC2640 SimpleLink™ Bluetooth® Wireless MCU

1. Device Overview

1.1 Features 1

• Microcontroller

– Powerful ARM® Cortex®

-M3

– EEMBC CoreMark® Score: 142

– Up to 48-MHz Clock Speed

– 128KB of In-System Programmable Flash

– 8KB of SRAM for Cache

– 20KB of Ultralow-Leakage SRAM

– 2-Pin cJTAG and JTAG Debugging

– Supports Over-The-Air Upgrade (OTA)

• Ultralow-Power Sensor Controller

– Can Run Autonomous From the Rest of the System

– 16-Bit Architecture

– 2KB of Ultralow-Leakage SRAM for Code and Data

• Efficient Code Size Architecture, Placing Drivers, Bluetooth® Low Energy Controller, and Bootloader in ROM

• RoHS-Compliant Packages

– 4-mm × 4-mm RSM VQFN32 (10 GPIOs)

– 5-mm × 5-mm RHB VQFN32 (15 GPIOs)

– 7-mm × 7-mm RGZ VQFN48 (31 GPIOs)

• Peripherals

– All Digital Peripheral Pins Can Be Routed to Any GPIO

– Four General-Purpose Timer Modules (Eight 16-Bit or Four 32-Bit Timers, PWM Each)

– 12-Bit ADC, 200-ksamples/s, 8-Channel Analog MUX

– Continuous Time Comparator

– Ultralow-Power Analog Comparator

– Programmable Current Source

– UART

– 2× SSI (SPI, MICROWIRE, TI)

– I2C

– I2S

– Real-Time Clock (RTC)

– AES-128 Security Module

– True Random Number Generator (TRNG)

– 10, 15, or 31 GPIOs, Depending on Package Option

– Support for Eight Capacitive-Sensing Buttons

– Integrated Temperature Sensor

• External System

– On-Chip internal DC-DC Converter

– Very Few External Components

– Seamless Integration With the SimpleLink™

CC2590 and CC2592 Range Extenders

– Pin Compatible With the SimpleLink CC13xx in 4-mm × 4-mm and 5-mm × 5-mm VQFN

Packages

• Low Power

– Wide Supply Voltage Range

• Normal Operation: 1.8 to 3.8 V

• External Regulator Mode: 1.7 to 1.95 V

– Active-Mode RX: 5.9 mA

– Active-Mode TX at 0 dBm: 6.1 mA

– Active-Mode TX at +5 dBm: 9.1 mA

– Active-Mode MCU: 61 µA/MHz

– Active-Mode MCU: 48.5 CoreMark/mA

– Active-Mode Sensor Controller: 8.2 µA/MHz

– Standby: 1 µA (RTC Running and RAM/CPU Retention)

– Shutdown: 100 nA (Wake Up on External Events)

• RF Section

– 2.4-GHz RF Transceiver Compatible With Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 4.2 Specification

– Excellent Receiver Sensitivity (–97 dBm for BLE), Selectivity, and Blocking Performance

– Link budget of 102 dB for BLE

– Programmable Output Power up to +5 dBm

– Single-Ended or Differential RF Interface

– Suitable for Systems Targeting Compliance With Worldwide Radio Frequency Regulations

• ETSI EN 300 328 (Europe)

• EN 300 440 Class 2 (Europe)

• FCC CFR47 Part 15 (US)

• ARIB STD-T66 (Japan)

• Tools and Development Environment

– Full-Feature and Low-Cost Development Kits

– Multiple Reference Designs for Different RF Configurations

– Packet Sniffer PC Software

– Sensor Controller Studio

– SmartRF™ Studio

– SmartRF Flash Programmer 2

– IAR Embedded Workbench® for ARM

– Code Composer Studio™

1.2 Applications

• Home and Building Automation

– Connected Appliances

– Lighting

– Locks

– Gateways

– Security Systems

• Industrial

– Logistics

– Production and Manufacturing

– Automation

– Asset Tracking and Management

– Remote Display

– Cable Replacement

– HMI

– Access Control

• Retail

– Beacons

– Advertising

– ESL and Price Tags

– Point of Sales and Payment Systems

• Health and Medical

– Thermometers

– SpO2

– Blood Glucose and Pressure Meters

– Weight Scales

– Vitals Monitoring

– Hearing Aids

• Sports and Fitness

– Activity Monitors and Fitness Trackers

– Heart Rate Monitors

– Running Sensors

– Biking Sensors

– Sports Watches

– Gym Equipment

– Team Sports Equipment

• HID

– Remote Controls

– Keyboards and Mice

– Gaming

• Accessories

– Toys

– Trackers

– Luggage Tags

– Wearables

1.3 Description

The CC2640 device is a wireless MCU targeting Bluetooth applications. The device is a member of the CC26xx family of cost-effective, ultralow power, 2.4-GHz RF devices. Very low active RF and MCU current and low-power mode current consumption provide excellent battery lifetime and allow for operation on small coin cell batteries and in energy-harvesting applications.

The CC2640 device contains a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 processor that runs at 48 MHz as the main processor and a rich peripheral feature set that includes a unique ultralow power sensor controller. This sensor controller is ideal for interfacing external sensors and for collecting analog and digital data autonomously while the rest of the system is in sleep mode. Thus, the CC2640 device is ideal for a wide range of applications where long battery lifetime, small form factor, and ease of use is important.

The Bluetooth Low Energy controller is embedded into ROM and runs partly on an ARM Cortex-M0 processor. This architecture improves overall system performance and power consumption and frees up flash memory for the application.